Linaha tse ngata tsa US li fihletse qeto ea hore matla a letsatsi, moea le mehloli e meng ea matla a tsosolositsoeng e ka 'na ea se ke ea lekana ho boloka phepelo ea motlakase kaha li batla ho fokotsa haholo tšebeliso ea tsona ea mafura.
PROVIDENCE, RI - Ha phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e sutumelletsa linaha tsa US hore li fokotse tšebeliso ea tsona ea mafura a khale, ba bangata ba fihletse qeto ea hore matla a letsatsi, moea le mehloli e meng ea matla a ka nchafatsoang e kanna ea se lekane ho boloka lintho li ntse li tsoela pele.
Ha linaha li fetohela hole le mashala, oli le khase ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše le ho qoba litlamorao tse mpe ka ho fetesisa tsa polanete e futhumatsang, matla a nyutlelie a ntse a hlaha e le tharollo ea ho tlatsa sekheo. Li-Gates li ntse li etsa li-reactor tse nyane, tse theko e tlase ho tlatselletsa li-grid tsa motlakase metseng ho pholletsa le US
mabone a tsela ea letsatsi
Matla a nyutlelie a na le mathata a 'ona a ka bang teng, haholo-holo litšila tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi a ka 'nang a lula a le kotsi ka lilemo tse likete.Empa batšehetsi ba re likotsi li ka fokotsoa,' me matla a bohlokoa ho tsitsisa phepelo ea matla ha lefats'e le leka ho itokolla carbon dioxide- ho ntša mafura a mafura.
Jeff Lyash, mopresidente le CEO oa Tennessee Valley Authority, o e beha ka bonolo: Ha ho na phokotso e kholo ea khabone ntle le matla a nyutlelie.
"Nakong ena ha nako e ntse e ea, ha ke bone tsela e tla re isa moo ntle le ho boloka likepe tsa hona joale le ho haha lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa nyutlelie," Lyash o itse. ”
TVA ke sesebelisoa sa federal se fanang ka motlakase ho linaha tse supileng 'me ke jenereithara ea boraro e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea motlakase United States.E tla eketsa matla a matla a letsatsi ka 10,000 megawatts ka 2035-e lekaneng ho matlafatsa matlo a ka bang limilione tse 1 ka selemo-'me e boetse e sebetsa tse tharo. dipolante tsa matla a nyutlelie le merero ya ho leka mochini o etsang matla a matla a nyutlelie ho Oak Ridge, Tennessee.Ka 2050, e na le tšepo ea hore e tla fihlela likhase tse sa tsoakoang, ho bolelang hore ha ho sa na likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše tse hlahisoang ho feta ha li tlosoa sepakapakeng.
Phuputso ea Associated Press ea leano la matla liprofinseng tsohle tse 50 le Seterekeng sa Columbia e fumane hore bongata bo boholo (hoo e ka bang karolo ea bobeli ho tse tharo) ba lumela hore matla a nyutlelie a tla thusa ho nka sebaka sa libeso tsa khale ka tsela e itseng. katoloso ea pele ea kaho ea matla a nyutlelie United States ka lilemo tse fetang mashome a mararo.
Hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea linaha le Setereke sa Columbia se arabelang phuputso ea AP se boletse hore ha ba na merero ea ho kenyelletsa matla a nyutlelie lipakaneng tsa bona tsa matla a tala, ba itšetlehile haholo ka matla a tsosolositsoeng. polokelong ea matla a betri, matsete a marang-rang a marang-rang a pharalletseng a matla a phahameng, tlhokeho e fokotsehileng e tsoang matamong a fehloang ka metsi le matsapa a ho boloka matla a motlakase bakeng sa motlakase.
mabone a tsela ea letsatsi
Likhaohano tsa linaha tsa US holim'a matla a nyutlelie li bonts'a lipuisano tse ts'oanang tse ntseng li etsahala Europe, 'me linaha tse kenyellelitsoeng Jeremane li tlohela li-reactor tsa tsona le tse ling, tse kang Fora, li khomarela theknoloji kapa li rera ho haha tse ling.
Tsamaiso ea Biden, e batlileng ho nka mehato e matla ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha khase e futhumatsang lefatše, e pheha khang ea hore matla a nyutlelie a ka thusa ho lefella phokotseho ea mafura a thehiloeng ho carbon ho grid ea matla ea US.
Mongoli oa Energy oa US, Jennifer Granholm, o ile a bolella The Associated Press hore 'muso o batla ho fumana motlakase oa zero-carbon, "e bolelang nyutlelie, e bolelang hydro, e bolelang geothermal, e leng ho hlakile hore moea le moea o lebōpong la leoatle, e bolelang letsatsi..”
"Re e batla kaofela," Granholm o boletse nakong ea ketelo ea Providence, Rhode Island, ka December ho ntšetsa pele morero oa moea o tsoang lebōpong la leoatle.
Sephutheloana sa $ 1 trillion sa meaho ea Biden se tšehelitsoeng mme se saennoe hore e be molao selemong se fetileng se ne se tla abela chelete e ka bang $2.5 bilione bakeng sa merero e tsoetseng pele ea ponts'o. bokamoso bo lokolohileng.
Granholm e boetse e hlahisitse theknoloji e ncha e amang haedrojene le ho hapa le ho boloka carbon dioxide pele e lokolloa sepakapakeng.
Li-reactors tsa nyutlelie li sebelitse ka botšepehi le ka ntle ho carbon ka lilemo tse mashome, 'me puisano ea hona joale ea phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo e tlisa melemo ea matla a nyutlelie ka pele, ho boletse Maria Kornick, mopresidente le CEO oa Nuclear Energy Association.
O ile a re: "Tekanyo ea grid ena ho pholletsa le United States, e hloka ntho e lulang e le teng, 'me e hloka ntho eo e ka bang mokokotlo oa grid ena, haeba u ka rata." Ke ka lebaka leo e sebetsang ka moea, letsatsi le letsatsi. nyutlelie.”
Edwin Lyman, motsamaisi oa tšireletso ea matla a nyutlelie ho Union of Concerned Scientists, o itse thekenoloji ea nyutlelie e ntse e e-na le likotsi tse kholo tseo mehloli e meng ea matla a khabone e tlaase e sa kang ea e-ba le eona. motlakase o theko e boima, o itse.O boetse o tšoenyehile ka hore indasteri e ka 'na ea fokotsa tšireletso le tšireletso ho boloka chelete le ho hlōlisana 'marakeng.Sehlopha ha se khahlanong le tšebeliso ea matla a nyutlelie, empa se batla ho etsa bonnete ba hore se bolokehile.
"Ha ke na tšepo ea hore re tla bona litlhoko tse nepahetseng tsa polokeho le ts'ireletso tse tla etsa hore ke phutholohe ka ho amoheloa kapa ho romelloa ha lintho tsena tse bitsoang li-modular reactor tse nyane naheng ka bophara," ho boletse Lyman.
US e boetse ha e na merero ea nako e telele ea ho laola kapa ho lahla litšila tse kotsi tse ka bang teng tikolohong ka lilemo tse makholo a likete, 'me litšila le mochine oa motlakase li kotsing ea likotsi kapa litlhaselo tse lebisitsoeng, Lyman o itse.The 2011 likoluoa tsa nuclear tse Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, Chernobyl, le morao tjena, Fukushima, Japane, li fane ka temoso e sa feleng ea likotsi.
Matla a nyutlelie a se a ntse a fana ka hoo e ka bang karolo ea 20 lekholong ea motlakase oa Amerika le hoo e ka bang halofo ea matla a se nang carbon a Amerika.
Ka Phato 2020, Komisi ea Taolo ea Nyutlelie e ile ea amohela moralo o le mong feela o monyane oa modular reactor - ho tsoa k'hamphaning e bitsoang NuScale Power. Lik'hamphani tse ling tse tharo li bolelletse komiti hore li rerile ho etsa kopo ea meralo ea tsona.Bohle ba sebelisa metsi ho pholisa mantlha.
NRC e lebelletsoe ho fana ka meralo ea li-reactors tse tsoetseng pele tse sebelisang lintho tse ling ntle le metsi ho pholisa mantlha, joalo ka khase, tšepe e metsi kapa letsoai le qhibilihisitsoeng. Tsena li kenyelletsa morero oa k'hamphani ea Gates ea TerraPower e Wyoming, e leng mashala a maholo ka ho fetisisa. -producing state in the United States.Ke khale e itšetlehile ka mashala bakeng sa matla le mesebetsi le ho e romela ho feta halofo ea linaha.
Ha lits'ebeletso li tsoa ka mashala, Wyoming e sebelisa matla a moea 'me e kentse matla a moea a boraro ho fetisisa naheng efe kapa efe ka 2020, kamora Texas le Iowa feela. matla a sechaba a tla fanoa ka ho feletseng ke moea le letsatsi.Motlakase o tsosolositsoeng o lokela ho sebetsa hammoho le mahlale a mang a kang nyutlelie le hydrogen, o boletse joalo.
TerraPower e rera ho haha setsi sa eona se tsoetseng pele sa pontšo ea li-reactor Kemmerer, toropo ea batho ba 2,700 e ka bophirimela ho Wyoming, moo mochine oa motlakase oa mashala o timang.
West Virginia, naha e 'ngoe e itšetlehileng ka mashala, baetsi ba molao ba bang ba leka ho hlakola taelo ea mmuso ea ho aha lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa nyutlelie.
Setsi sa bobeli se entsoeng ke TerraPower se tla hahoa Idaho National Laboratory.Teko ea ho qhibiliha ea chloride reactor e tla ba le motheo o monyenyane joaloka sehatsetsi le letsoai le qhibilihisitsoeng ho o pholile ho e-na le metsi.
Har'a linaha tse ling tse tšehetsang matla a nyutlelie, Georgia e tsitlella hore katoloso ea eona ea nyutlelie e tla "fa Georgia matla a lekaneng a hloekileng" bakeng sa lilemo tse 60 ho isa ho tse 80. Georgia e na le morero o le mong oa nyutlelie o ntseng o hahuoa US - ho atolosa setsi sa Vogtle ho tloha ho tse peli tse kholo tsa setso. li-reactors ho isa ho tse 'ne. Kakaretso ea litšenyehelo e se e feta habeli seo se neng se lebeletsoe qalong, 'me morero ona o saletsoe ke nako ka lilemo.
New Hampshire e re merero ea tikoloho ea sebaka sena e ke ke ea finyelloa ka mokhoa o lekaneng ntle le matla a nyutlelie.The Alaska Energy Authority esale e rera tšebeliso ea li-modular nuclear reactors ho tloha ka 2007, mohlomong la pele merafong e hōle le libaka tsa sesole.
Maryland Energy Authority e boletse hore le ha lipheo tsohle tsa matla a tsosolositsoeng li ntse li rorisoa le litšenyehelo li ntse li theoha, "bakeng sa bokamoso bo bonoang, re tla hloka mefuta e fapaneng ea mafura," ho kenyeletsoa li-powertrain tsa nyutlelie le khase ea tlhaho e hloekileng, ho netefatsa ts'epo le elasticity. setsi sa matla a nyutlelie Maryland, 'me Tsamaiso ea Matla e ntse e buisana le moetsi oa li-reactor tse nyenyane tsa modular.
Ba bang ba boholong linaheng tse etelletsoeng pele ke Democratic, ba re ba fetela ka nģ'ane ho matla a nyutlelie.
Ha ho bapisoa le ho kenya li-turbine tsa moea kapa liphanele tsa letsatsi, litšenyehelo tsa li-reactors tse ncha, mathata a polokeho le lipotso tse sa rarolloang mabapi le mokhoa oa ho boloka litšila tsa nyutlelie tse kotsi ke li-breaker, ba re. dingongoreho.Sehlopha sa Sierra se di hlalositse e le “kotsi e kgolo, ditjeho tse phahameng le tse belaetsang haholo”.
New York State e na le lipheo tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo sechabeng, 'me marang-rang a matla a bokamoso a tla laoloa ke matla a moea, a letsatsi le a fehlang metsi, ho boletse Doreen Harris, mopresidente le CEO oa New York State Energy Research and Development Authority.
Harris o re o bona bokamoso bo fetang nyutlelie, ho tloha ho hoo e ka bang 30% ea motsoako oa matla a mmuso kajeno ho isa ho 5%, empa mmuso o tla hloka polokelo ea betri e tšoarellang nako e telele, mohlomong le mefuta e meng e hloekileng joalo ka mafura a hydrogen.
Nevada e ameha ka ho khetheha ho matla a nyutlelie ka mor'a morero o hlōlehileng oa ho boloka 'muso oa khoebo o sebelisitsoeng mafura a nyutlelie Yucca Mountain.
"Nevada e utloisisa hamolemo ho feta linaha tse ling tse ngata hore theknoloji ea nyutlelie e na le mathata a bohlokoa bophelong," David Bozien, motsamaisi oa Ofisi ea Matla ea 'Musisi oa Nevada, o boletse polelong. .”
California e rera ho koala setsi sa eona sa ho qetela se setseng sa matla a nyutlelie, Diablo Canyon, ka 2025 ha e fetohela ho matla a theko e tlase a nchafalitsoeng ho matlafatsa grid ea eona ka 2045.
Ho ea ka mmuso, ba boholong ba lumela hore haeba California e boloka katoloso ea phepelo ea motlakase e hloekileng ka "sekhahla sa tlaleho lilemong tse latelang tsa 25," kapa ho haha karolelano ea li-gigawatts tsa 6 tsa mehloli e mecha ea polokelo ea letsatsi, moea le betri selemo le selemo, ba boholong ba lumela hore e ka finyella sepheo sena.tokomane ea ho rera.California e boetse e kenya motlakase o hlahisoang linaheng tse ling e le karolo ea tsamaiso ea grid ea Amerika bophirimela.
Batho ba nang le lipelaelo ba ipotsa hore na morero oa California oa matla a ka nchafatsoang o tla sebetsa sebakeng sa batho ba ka bang limilione tse 40.
Ho lieha ho tlohela mosebetsi ha Diablo Canyon ho fihlela 2035 ho ne ho tla boloka California $ 2.6 limilione tse likete ka litšenyehelo tsa tsamaiso ea motlakase, ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho tima le ho fokotsa mocheso oa carbon, lipatlisiso tsa bo-rasaense ba Univesithing ea Stanford le MIT li ile tsa etsa qeto. Steven Chu o itse US e ne e sa itokisetsa matla a ka nchafatsoang a 100% haufinyane.
O ile a re: "E tla ba ha moea o sa foke 'me letsatsi le sa khanye." 'Me re tla hloka matla a mang ao re ka a bulelang le ho a romela ka ho rata.Seo se siea likhetho tse peli: libeso tsa khale kapa nyutlelie. ”
Empa California Public Utilities Commission e boletse hore ho feta 2025, Diablo Canyon e ka hloka "lintlafatso tsa litšisinyeho tsa lefatše" le liphetoho ho litsamaiso tse pholileng tse ka jang chelete e fetang $ 1 billion. 'Muelli oa Komisi Terrie Prosper o itse megawatts ea 11,500 ea mehloli e mecha ea matla a hloekileng e tla tla Inthaneteng ka 2026 ho ho fihlela litlhoko tsa nako e telele tsa mmuso.
Jason Bordorf, mothehi-'moho le mothehi oa Setsi sa Tlelaemete sa Columbia, o boletse hore le hoja morero oa California "o ka khoneha ka botekgeniki," o na le lipelaelo ka lebaka la mathata a ho aha matla a mangata a ka nchafatsoang ka potlako.thobalano.Bardoff o itse ho na le "mabaka a matle" a ho nahana ka ho lelefatsa bophelo ba Dark Canyon ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa matla le ho fokotsa likhase kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.
"Re tlameha ho kenyelletsa matla a nyutlelie ka tsela e amohelang hore ha ho na likotsi.Empa dikotsi tsa ho hloleha ho fihlella maikemisetso a rona a boemo ba lehodimo di feta dikotsi tsa ho kenyelletsa nyutlelie motswakong wa eneji ya lefela la khabone,” o boletse jwalo.
Nako ea poso: Jan-22-2022
